Located in the valley of the River Bulbourne - carved in the
Chiltern Hills, in Hertfordshire, Berkhamsted - is a county that
borders Hemel Hempstead to the west. Berkhamsted is both a civil
parish and an important historical town of England. Its name has
known a lot of transformation over the years, and the Old English
Beorhoanstadde is one of the oldest names to be attributed to
Berkhamsted. There are over 50 different names of the town the
Domesday Book mentions in its old pages. Nevertheless, despite of
the impressive number of names it was given, "Berko" is the townies
favorite.
Berkhamsted has played an important role in Englands history,
becoming the favorite country retreat for the Norman and
Plantagenet dynasties. The town is extremely famous for its castle,
which is now in ruins, but was the site from which William the
Conqueror ascended to the English throne in the year 1066.
Accordingly, a lot of towns people claimed that Berkhamsted is
actually the genuine capital city of England.
Over the decades, the town has received a lot of royal charters.
The first of them was granted by Henry III in the year 1216, and it
freed the men and merchants of the town from all taxes wherever
they went in England, Aquitaine, Anjou and Normandy. The second
royal charter was attributed to Berkhamsted a year later, when it
recognized Berkhamsted Market, which was the oldest institution of
the town. Another royal charter refers to the one James I granted
to the town in 1618, when he made the town a borough.
Apart from the famous castle, the Grand Junction Canal that runs
through Berkhamsted parallel to the High Street is another high
interest point for Berkhamsted. The canal is part of the Grand
Union Canal in 1929. Other important buildings and constructions
refer to St. Peter's parish church, which is one of the largest
parish churches in Hertfordshire. The back of the church hides a
marble tomb of a knight and his lady, which are thought to be the
toms of Henry of Berkhamsted, one of the Black Prince's lieutenants
at the Battle of Crecy. Another important figure that is worth
mentioning in relation to Berkhamsted is poet William Cowper, who
was christened in St. Peter's.
The Town Hall, Ashlyns School, and Berkhamsted School or
Berkhamsted Place are other significant town buildings that hold
interesting tales inside their walls. Berkhamsted is also hosting
the oldest extant shop in Great Britain, dating back between 1277
and 1297, according to dendrochronology of structural timbers. The
town is also home of the British Film Institute's BFI National
Archive at King's Hill. This is the place where the largest film
and television archives in the world are stored.
Charles de Gaulle was in exile during World War II in Berkhamsted;
English novelist Graham Greene was born here, and the action in his
novel The Human Factor is said to have taken place here, and Greene
himself mentions the town of Berkhamsted as one of his
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